Monday, August 24, 2009

The White Matter Problem


Since the last twenty five years, I have been confronted by the ‘white matter problem’. No, this has nothing to do with the visible white matter in the universe through the astronomer’s telescope. Nor has it anything to do with the other problem that has puzzled cosmologists – the ‘dark matter’ problem – the mysterious invisible matter which might eventually decide if the universe will go on expanding forever, or contract back into a singularity after what might seem to be an eternity. Now, a singularity is a kind of entity that is difficult to understand – imagine all the matter in the universe squeezed into a point that has no dimensions! Further, imagine that the universe began from a singularity, at which point time actually = zero! I must return to this strange and perplexing discussion another day! I must understand it before I pass on into that singularity!

I’m not even talking about the grey matter inside our heads. The white matter above my head, but rooted in it is the issue that has caused consternation to certain people over the years. So, let me tell you that story.

In the midst of thick, jet black hair, the first white strands grew. I noticed it when I was thirteen I guess. I remember commenting about it to my mother, standing in front of a big mirror in the small living room of our Koramangala house. I’m not sure if she worried about it then. I didn’t, too – it was easy to hide the few white strands by pushing and patting them carefully below the black majority after oiling my hair with coconut oil every morning.

The years passed. There was no appreciable change in the quantity of white matter with its roots in my head. In 1987, the year I got into engineering, it hadn’t attracted much attention. Even if it did, I don’t remember it. Ditto in 1991, the year I graduated, least interested in the enterprise of designing, making and fixing machines In a couple of years, I got disgusted with the experiences of shouting every day at men on the shop floor, egging them on to produce more and more in less and less time. From that point on, more strands of white started sprouting, and people I knew began noticing. Still, the thick and jet black majority managed to obscure this fresh growth. However, it required some effort at combing time every morning. After a while, I began to wonder if this hiding business was worth it. As the days passed, I managed to ignore it altogether.

In 1993, the year I became a schoolteacher, the kids I taught, noticed. So did my fellow teachers. There were not too many direct comments, though. May be no one wanted to offend me. I even suspected that some of my colleagues liked what they saw, especially some female colleagues. This hunch was only based on their appreciative but cryptic comments such as ‘It looks good’, for instance. On second thoughts, I wondered if it was a case of dripping sarcasm. In the hope that I could attract more female attention, I began conjuring theories of male-female attraction based on white matter – ‘older women get attracted to younger men with white hair because it makes them look matured; younger women also get attracted to young men with white hair because they are looking for someone wise to spend their time with’. Of course, these theories were hopelessly out of sync with the times and I didn’t land up any girlfriends young or old based on my white matter alone. To this day, I fervently believe in these theories, waiting for a miracle to happen!

In the mid-nineties, when I left the school to move to Raichur in North Karnataka to do some work in the village schools, I did business with the barbers with their open roadside parlors in the small and remote town of Deodurg. They started noticing, first thing.

Getting a haircut done in Deodurg was a different experience – unlike Bangalore, where you could sit for the haircut inside a reasonably well kept room with its large mirrors in the front and back, the Deodurg open barber usually had his shop under the sky – some had the mirrors usually fixed to a tree on one side of the road, and those seeking a haircut usually had to sit on an old wooden chair facing the mirror, propped up on carefully arranged stones that were flat. It was a bit of a circus in every sense of the word. What made it different was it felt very public. When I sat on one of those chairs for the very first time, I felt that everyone on the road – humans, dogs and pigs were watching me. Of course, they were only minding their business. The roadside tree barber would engage you in small talk, and if you were curious enough, you could get a colorful account of life in Deodurg town. They say that a barber is one of the best informants if you are doing some social research anywhere.

Anyway, the barbers got interested in my white strands because it had a direct business implication for them – the profits to be made from dyeing! Barber after barber wanted me to dye my hair and wanted me to look young and dashing again, with jet black hair. With fervent hope, they would always ask ‘Sir, shall I dye your hair this time? Sir it has spread Sir, all over the sides…that too at such a young age, Sir!’ Some of them indeed looked concerned. But I would generally remain unmoved, determined not to yield to their devious business suggestions. By then, I had developed a couple of stock replies: ‘Why should we hide anything?’ I would retort as if I was an open book for everyone to see and write on. And then assert, ‘Let me age naturally! Life will go on!’ This philosophical invective would result in an amused smile from the barber: ‘Ok sir, your wish.’ The next month he would repeat the same questions as if nothing had happened. Great triers, these barbers were!

In the late nineties when I moved to Delhi the white strands were no longer the minority. They were noticed often, comments were passed and I carried on, unfazed. To tempt me further, the East Delhi barber whose shop I frequented tempted me with a ‘package’ consisting of a haircut, head massage and dyeing. ‘But if I dye it will it not turn brown?’ I protested, based on my observations of those who wanted their hair to appear eternally black. I thought that would keep him quiet. But he replied easily. ‘Nowadays there are dyes which will not allow your hair to turn red or brown.’ Of course, I didn’t believe him. Such exchanges would generally end with my stock replies. The barber would then quietly go about his job. A haircut usually resulted in exposing more white matter. Given that I went in for short ‘crew’ cuts, the short, white hair would stand up straight for a few weeks – combing didn’t make any difference a few weeks after every cut.

In North India, they liken marriage to a laddoo. You are told that it is that kind of laddoo which you will regret not eating. And if you do bite into it, you would regret as well! It’s a bit like saying ‘Heads I win, tails you lose.’ Strange laddoo! Anyway, I swallowed this laddoo in 2000 after Herculean efforts by my father to find me a bride. The passport sized photo of mine which was shared as part of the correspondence still hid the white strands that were threatening to come out. I passed the bridegroom test just as she passed hers and we decided to eat the laddoo. I don’t think she noticed that much white matter – in any case, she didn’t look scared or put off. We didn’t get too close for her to notice the defiant white. She later said that she might have reconsidered her decision to bite the laddoo with me. I thought the coconut oil had done the trick!

In a workshop where we were attempting to develop a Country Strategic Plan (CSP) for five years based on what was touted as the ‘Security Framework’ (because we thought everyone was feeling so insecure in the rural communities where we worked!), my colleagues from this new organization I had joined in Delhi noticed the many white strands. It was two weeks before the D-day. During the tea break, I heard ‘Are you not going to dye it before you go to Bangalore?’ for the nth time. The others nodded in agreement. ‘No’. I said as a matter of fact. No explanations were given or asked for. ‘…salt and peppery hair…!’ One of them said as we went back to develop that CSP. I’m not sure if that CSP made much difference anyway in the lives of people. We are often very good at producing lofty sounding documents and think we are doing a great job of bringing ‘development’ to poor communities. And most of the time we spend writing these documents.

Post marriage, when we returned to Delhi, the white secret was out. She felt distinctly uncomfortable about it. I suppose there is this tendency among girls to compare their husbands with their fathers especially where they have enjoyed good relationships with each other. Her advocate father, I was made to believe, had few white strands at sixty. ‘No dyeing-wyeing for him!’ I felt myself shrink and felt like hiding somewhere when I heard things like ‘You look fifty!’ as a matter of fact. ‘You look like my uncle’. Even he looks younger.

Theirs must have been a family of jet black hair owners! Or so I thought, amused and angry. For some years after marriage, she tried hard to get me to dye, but I didn’t budge. Ego problem, some people said. Can’t you just please her? I let it be. Colleagues, friends and anxious sounding relatives kept reminding me now and then. By then, I had developed another stock reply: ‘Accept me as I am. Haven’t I accepted you as you are? The essence of any marital relationship, as I would realize later, is this acceptance. It reduces stress and unnecessary expectations. This argument, however, cannot be stretched too much – there will be cases where one is required to change if the relationship is falling apart or if there are serious problems of relating itself. But that is a discussion I do not want to enter into right now.

In 2001, we had a baby boy. My wife resolved to win him over to her side in her battle against the pure whites. ‘A good four to five years, before he starts pestering me’, I pointed out one day. ‘So what?’ She retorted. ‘At least then you will have no choice. You can’t afford to see him embarrassed in front of his friends by your white hair. He will not even call you his father.’

Till date, my son who’s just crossed eight has not bothered me with the question, except when he’s been pushed to do so. He loves his father as he is, white matter and all. Meanwhile, the proportion of whites has gone up significantly. It shows up in photographs. My wife still talks about it, though I guess she’s realized it’s a losing battle. We now have a darling daughter, all of two years. Perhaps she’s pinning her hopes on the little girl to win me over? After all, daddy’s girls wield tremendous power!

I must admire the barber’s patience, though. All barbers want better business. The dyeing bit brings in more moolah than the cutting bit. So they’ll keep asking the question. They now have a range of techniques and products designed to make you look eternally young. But I suspect it’s a losing battle. The whites, along with the wrinkles, are bound to appear sooner or later. As I write this, the whites have colonized newer areas. Pretty much like a tumor, they have spread to the moustache and the beard. Recently, I noticed a couple of stubborn sprouts on my right eye brow!

My relatives, who I do not meet often, appear surprised every time we get together. I’m sure they talk. Who cares anyway? Many of my cousins are into dyeing – I can easily make it out. Some six months back, at a social gathering, my cousin’s wife called me aside. After exchanging the usual pleasantries, she turned her attention to you know what. As we talked, there was not much eye contact – she was sizing up the white thingies. ‘Dye, dye, dye!’ seemed to be the message. I just had to look better.

There is this modern obsession to lose weight, look young, sexy and fair. ‘Eye candy’ is the term used to describe someone who’s just managed to look right after sweating it for hours in the gym. The industry behind this body manipulation is worth billions of dollars. It sends messages into our subconscious, and once these messages get there, they make damage, since we have been unable to filter them.

The white matter problem is only a small part of this industry, which promises much – smoothening skin wrinkles, whitening teeth, blackening and coloring hair, tucking the tummy in especially if you do not want to exercise, sculpting noses, buttocks and pulling up sagging breasts apart from growing hair on balding pates and god knows what. Approaches vary. In some cases, you are required to apply a cream which will have magical effects on your skin. In other cases, a dye will do the trick. The more complicated cases and desires get under the surgeon’s scalpel. The human body is seen as a commodity. The ads in the newspaper scream: Pay to lose 5 Kgs and lose the next 5 Kgs for free!’ The local barber I visit has a bewildering range of products that include massages and steam baths and so many things I cannot even remember. He is no longer the guy who mainly works with the razor, scissor and comb.

Nowadays my son attends a cricket camp nearby. A classmate of his also comes to this camp to hone his cricketing skills. The other day, we were playing a small game after their practice session. I was wicket keeping while my son’s classmate batted. In between he kept looking at me before taking his guard to face the next ball from my son.

‘You didn’t dye your hair?’ He asked. I reasoned, and if my wife could have heard me thinking, she’d have been delighted -- ‘Which boy would like to have an old looking father?’ But on second, stubborn thoughts, I asked: ‘What if this old looking father has a young heart, loads of questions about life, an insatiable curiosity and desire to live? What if this old looking father wants to stretch the limits and suck very drop from life? Wouldn’t that matter more? What if…?’ The temptation to yield to the dye was banished forever then. We worship the body so much that we forget the heart. The heart doesn’t grow old. And then, we want to live in zones of comfort. Does this not make us old already, even if we may look young?

The surest indicator to find out if you are young or old is to ask if you are child-like. There is a difference between this and being childish. Being child-like allows me to be young, white matter and all. It allows me to be alive to new possibilities every moment. The mind is not grooved in any one particular pattern of thinking and action. There are no self-limiting thoughts, and there is little fear of the unknown. Embracing uncertainty comes naturally in a child-like state. This is the state I aspire to be in, even as the whites conquer and colonize my body. My goal is to find that place inside my self where I am still a carefree child. This can be brought forth. I can therefore bring back my childhood – it is ready to be evoked and integrated into my being. The brilliant writer and therapist A. H Almaas says that this exercise of recapturing childhood is not merely a return to childhood but something more significant:

“When we look at a child,” writes Almaas, “we see that the sense of fullness, of intrinsic aliveness, of joy in being, is not the result of something else. There is value in just being oneself; it is not because of something one does or doesn’t do. It is there in the beginning, when we were children, but it slowly gets lost.”

As adults, it doesn’t quite matter whether one has white or dark matter on one’s head -- we usually lose track of that joy inside us, despite the numerous sources of pleasure and distractions that exist today. Even a very good looking adult with a toned body can still have very low levels of worthiness and satisfaction. The desire to be young again is a symbol of the deeper desire to remain new. Children take to this like a fish takes to water. By putting ourselves back in a childlike mindset, we open the way of learning. As Almaas puts it: “We are the pleasure, we are the joy, we are the most profound significance and the highest value.”

24th August 2009

Bengalooru

Monday, August 17, 2009

Insect as metaphor

The insect kept struggling to stay afloat the dirty water standing on the side of the road. I stood on the footpath which was the bank, and watched its condition. From where had this insect come? It would have been happy and comfortable flying here and there, living its uncomplicated life. By some strange mix of circumstances, it had landed on this muddy bit of water. It certainly looked out of place. One can say that if the road had a proper system to drain the water, the puddle with the struggling insect would not have been there in the first place. The insect would have been elsewhere then, perhaps in a less hostile environment. But Kolkata is no different from any other Indian city, I guess. We keep spending crores of rupees every year on ‘maintenance’ but one good rain is enough to make the water stand and trap insects such the one I was watching.

Was the insect used to this watery environment? It looked like the flying type, with its tiny, immobile wings. In that stagnant pool, it was desperately moving its jointed legs, trying to find surer ground. One bit of a solid surface would have been enough to get it airborne again. I saw a piece of cardboard jutting out of this stagnant pool, about three feet from the struggling insect. One stride at the most for me but for the insect in that condition, three feet was large.

The notion of scale is relative, isn’t it? For instance, what distance would this insect travel all its life? What about an ant? A mosquito? Lice in the hair? Viruses? Many insects may travel within very limited boundaries all their lives when compared with humans. May be for them that distance is normal or even huge. From our anthropocentric view (we tend to follow the dictum that ‘man is the measure of all things’), the insect distance may be small. But what about the lice in the hair of a person who travels across continents? It has a great chance of seeing the earth. So does a cockroach that gets packed in your suitcase which is flown from Bangalore to Kolkata! Both in terms of scale and speed of travel, the oblivious cockroach has not seen anything like it before. The best example I can think of right now is the H1N1 virus which my friend thinks is the ‘Varaha avatar’, a reincarnation of God in his various forms. This virus has traveled all the way from Mexico, free of cost.

For that matter, even those of us who do not travel much beyond the immediate confines of our home and community are all cosmic travelers, aren’t we? For one, the earth goes around the sun at an astonishing 18 miles per second, the sun completes one turn around the center of the Milky Way galaxy every 250 million years, while the galaxy itself (like millions or billions of other galaxies) is hurtling through space-time at this very moment, or so we are told. Nothing is resting then, everything moves. There is no absolute rest anywhere in this universe. No minus 273 degree Kelvin.

The struggling insect was closer to the piece of the wet, jutting cardboard. It sparked off another set of thoughts. What about what happens in our schools? Children struggle day after day, year after year in this often hostile environment, searching for pattern, searching for meaning. That search is not fruitful, except in some cases. Like the struggling insect I saw in Kolkata, most children just manage to stay afloat. There are very few anchors in any case, very few wet cardboards jutting out of the muddy waters of the experience we call schooling. Last night, I was reading Margaret Donaldson who says ‘…that some of the skills which we value most highly in our educational system are thoroughly alien to the spontaneous modes of functioning of the human mind.’ This is one view.

The other way of looking at the struggling insect is to ask: What is life without a struggle? Growing and becoming are all as a result of struggle. What is life without a scar, a deep imprint? Without an experience that brings you close to the edge and sometimes takes you over? A sense of achievement follows struggle. Once you reach the wet cardboard that juts out, you have a vantage point which helps you understand where you are. It also offers possibilities for where you want to go, and what you want to become. Genuine understanding perhaps develops like this. The ‘Aha!’ moment of understanding is the cardboard climbing moment which was preceded by struggle and engagement. That is joyful learning – the struggle for understanding, the understanding itself, the looking beyond. Not, on the other hand, the doing of an activity for the sake of doing it, to be followed by 'real' (actually, rote) learning, as many teachers thought when the wave of joyful learning swept all over us in the decade of the nineties.

Schools are supposed to make children struggle to reach the cardboard and even go beyond. They can do it but end up not doing it. Instead, children struggle mindlessly. The human potential for meaningful struggle leading to achievement is lost on our teachers and educators. It is lost the moment the child steps into school.

I didn’t wait long enough to see what happened to the insect. Had to get back to my workshop session where I narrated this story.

18 August 2009
Bengalooru

Friday, August 14, 2009

Classes versus the masses

Sometimes, all it needs is a few snatches of conversation to get us to explore deeper and fundamental aspects of our daily living. These thoughts remain with us for days as we mull over the issues that came up, explore them from various points of view and also look for resolution. I had this opportunity a couple of days back while I waited in the lobby of a Kolkata guesthouse.

These days, I’m engaged in getting a group of people working with a well known Kolkata NGO to get into the act of writing – the idea is to use it as a tool to learn more about the self and also explore the possibility of writing about others, particularly children, parents, teachers, the educational system at large and so on. What does ‘writing on education’ mean? What does it involve? What place does writing have in our eternal quest for providing meaningful education to all children? Can everyone write? What sort of preparation is required? How do we address the issue of ‘personal and public’? These are some of the questions we are trying to grapple with in the course of the workshops I’m facilitating.

Let me get back to what happened in the lobby. The quick exchange I had with the hotel wallah went like this, with the opening statement made by me.

‘It is raining and the weather’s pleasant isn’t it? Much better than what it was in June.’
‘Yes’, he agreed. ‘It’s also pleasant because the old (pre-1993) vehicles are no longer running on the roads.’
‘I heard about it. This is a recent government decision, right? They did it in Delhi some years ago.’
‘Yes sir. I can feel the difference myself. Pollution has come down by 60%, they say.’
‘Oh…that’s nice.’
‘Sir, the problem is with the masses. They have spoilt our city. I’m a tax payer, but these people reap the benefits. They have polluted the city with their old gaadies.’
‘Ok,’ I nodded, waiting for him to go on. I was not sure if I agreed with him. This exchange was becoming interesting! The hotel wallah had begun taking certain positions which I wanted to examine further.

‘What about their livelihoods then?’ I posed.
‘There are so many jobs in Kolkata, if they are really interested in doing them. We too have a couple of vacancies. When these people don’t come forward, we end up hiring Bangladeshis.’

His masses bashing continued. ‘You know, I was recently reading the speech given by the ITC (Indian Tobacco Company) Chairman. He explains so clearly the steps for global warming – who causes it, how it happens…I’m now convinced it’s the masses and their dirty ways.’

I wondered what wisdom Deveshwar, the ITC chairman had shared on global warming which had so impressed the hotel wallah. Later, I did get to read his 98th annual general body meeting speech of July 2009, in which he says makes all the right noises about global warming. Yet, when he presents the solutions that ITC has proposed or even undertaken in terms of green technology, one cannot help but see the unmistakable emphasis of maintaining soaring profit lines and margins. I wonder to what extent this meshes with issues like environmental sustainability. It certainly merits deeper examination
It’s amusing, isn’t it? One invokes the chairman of a company that manufactures cigarettes for profit when it comes to tackling global warming! Well, I actually do not have a problem with corporations who come forward to tackle issues of grave importance like global warming and climate change. However, from whatever little I know, I wonder if there is much to cheer about regarding their roles – are they actually serious about it? Is there sincere action? The green mantra is great if you want to build a ‘do-gooder’ image. Beneath the image, fundamentally little will have changed. It is indeed interesting that we look to corporate leaders whose sole aim is profit making at all costs, for direction! We can discuss many more examples like ITC, perhaps. My cursory observation shows that while ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ is the tag used for undertaking a wide range of efforts (in education, health, agriculture, micro-finance and so on), the nature of the real businesses does not change – in the form of SEZs, big dams, power stations, mining, cutting of forests, software exports and a myriad other activities (often aided and abetted by lax government laws and even laxer implementation), corporations ‘Rule the World’, as David Korten puts it in his very disturbing book ‘When Corporations Rule the World’.

Anyway, since Mr. Hotel wallah was keen on proving his point, he invoked another dubious example. ‘You’ve heard of Alyque Padamsee (the ad man)?’ Before I could nod my ‘Yes,’ he went on. ‘He has written about what is happening in Bombay. With all their hard earned money and their taxes, they try to clean the city. But these people come from all over the place and set up their jhuggi-jhopdies right next to the posh localities.’ I wondered if he wanted to complement Bal Thackeray and Raj Thackeray’s Bombay cleansing efforts. But he didn’t get that far. I wondered if Kolkata had their counterparts as well.

I was convinced that a deeper engagement with this man was necessary. My first question was on the energy and pollution front. Quickly, I asked: ‘Do you know that using an A.C consumes about thirty times the power used by an ordinary fan?’ He looked as if he didn’t know. I went on: ‘People like us who use AC’s are also polluting the earth, much more than the masses.

He didn’t quite understand, and countered: ‘But it doesn’t pollute the air, right, like the old taxis and auto-rickshaws?’

‘That may be the case if you look at it superficially,’ I pointed out. ‘What about thermal pollution?’ That is also another form of pollution which we don’t discuss much about. The real damage these high energy devices cause is elsewhere, far away from our cushy homes and hotels. From where do we get so much power to run our ACs? From some coal powered or hydro powered plant. Running an AC means burning that much more coal. Putting up a giant hydro project means that much more displacement of people who we call the masses.’ I was trying hard to remember some post independence statistics quoted by Arundhati Roy in her article ‘For the Greater Common Good’. 33 million, if I remember right, by very conservative estimates are the number of people displaced by big dams (at 10000 people per dam X 3300 big dams) since Independence.

‘But we cannot do without AC’s in this kind of weather’, he protested.
‘That’s a lifestyle issue as well’, I pointed out. ‘How can we blame the masses alone, when we are doing more damage?’

Some silence. It brought us face to face with the unresolved conflicts and dilemmas of our own lives. When we choose to face these conflicts, silence is perhaps a good way to begin with. Beneath that silence, there is a cauldron of thoughts, reactions, justifications and counter reactions all of which need sorting out. But the truth stares at us in the face and we cannot afford to deflect it with a cacophony of arguments. Martin Lings, the Islamic scholar, has put it beautifully:

‘If it can be said that man collectively shrinks back more and more from the truth, it can also be said that on all sides the truth is closing in more and more upon man. It might almost be said that, in order to receive a touch of It, which in the past required a lifetime of effort, all that is asked of him now is not to shrink back. And yet how difficult that is!”

By then, my colleague arrived to pick me up. ‘And let’s think about why is it that the masses have come to the cities in the first place’, I managed to say on my way out. ‘Nobody wants to live in sub-human conditions in the cities, but many don’t have a choice…’

I met the hotelier in the evening when I went to collect my room key. ‘I’ve been thinking about your AC point’, he said. Somewhere, I thought, a dent had been made even as we continued making our big carbon footprints for the day.

August 2009
Krishnagiri

Tamilnadu